Individual Freedoms and Social Values

In the 18th century, an interesting debate developed in the U.S. The cause of the debate was John Rawls' book entitled  “A theory of justice”. Rawls defended the view that justice has an absolute advantage before good life. According to him, no individual rights should be sacrificed for general welfare. It defined justice as “The very first virtue of social institutions, as is truth in mind systems”

John Rawls' views will later be widely criticised by a range of philosophers who will be classified as representatives of the idea of communitarianism in contemporary political philosophy, such as: Michael Sandel, Aladair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, etc. This debate between liberalisation is presenting contemporary political philosophy over two decades. Clarification of all options of liberalisation is the focus on the need for autonomy and the reduction of interest in the necessity of social adjustment. Individualists (liberals) do not deny the need for social adjustment, but they prefer a melting arrangement. The communitarian position represents the the thesis of a social arrangement, which is characterized by a set of shared values whose binding character should be shared among individual individuals.

Nowadays, notions individual i n Company They play an important role in philosophy and other social sciences. Whether the notion individual It plays the function of expressing autonomy which one person and represents freedom from one to another, notion Company  It presents the joint, the connection, and the two or more participation I-Come on. Which weighs on the other: I am ID We-Identification? A comparison between the research into the idea of communitarianism at Amitai Ethion and the theory of Norbert Elias civilization leads us to an interesting result: both try to find a balance in the middle I-identity and we-Identities. But they use different ways and different viewpoints. For Amithai Etsioni defundation is the community. The opposite is to Norbert Elias, who thought that I-Identification over t We ID.

With the anthropological period, man is the subject of all matters in philosophical studies. The beginnings of this period are found in the thinking of Socrate where virtues, evil goods, cheap, and so on make up his dialogues.

Historically, freedom has an ancient philosophical tradition (from Greek antiquity) that during the course of time it has often taken on different meanings. The initial meaning, based on Greek antiquity, had political character. Greek expression Eleutheria It defined behavior, respectively, actions that should be in harmony with community standards. Autonomia (gr. : autonomy) for the ancient Greeks, it meant to deified nature, adapt to natural standards, and rule out the possibility of emerging new standards. Autonomia was understood to be such if man knew the laws of nature and was identified and acted accordingly, otherwise the word freedom had only to do with life inside  policy-it is.

The philosophical concept of freedom is specified at the time when the difference is made among the Sophists physis i n nomos. Here is the difference that follows in the recent antiquity of Greek antiquity, natural law and human laws. This contrast of the sophists provided separation from the union from the state, respectively.

Inseparable from the notion of freedom is the notion of value, where contemporary philosophy has sparked debate between liberalisation/individualism and communitarianism.

It is considered that the subject, respectively, is considered that the individual, the social group, or the whole society in the established historical phase of development made possible because of its properties, definitions which a small thing, state, work, behavior, or supposed to have, the fulfillment of any real material, social, cultural or spiritual need, and thus causes feeling of satisfaction; values for definition of They are human products, practically of practical work and of his social commitment. Outside of man and regardless of man there can be no value; here lies one of the main differences between facts and the first values are objective and exist regardless of man, whereas the second objective-subjective ones exist only if there is a human being that acts, knows, tastes, selects and values.

* Barber is a professor of philosophy