How do Russian state televisions spread propaganda about the war in Ukraine?

A woman has claimed that Ukrainian forces are shooting at children's gardens like “in a <x1 game.

An angry man has cursed these fascists, these bastards... and dependent on drugs”.

Later, the first guest of the show was editor-in-chief of Russian television, RT, Margarita Simonyan, who tearfully made a series of claims, starting with those that Ukrainian forces are targeting children with bombs; that Ukrainian President Volodyyr Zelensky, has banned all private media; that Ukrainians don't consider Russians as people; that Ukrainian doctors have demanded the castration of Russian prisoners of war; that “the Ukrainian neurox1) are prepared to extract <2x> to show up the Ukrainian media, depending on their own children's dependence.

All these claims have been made in the first five minutes of transmission.

Russia's government falsely insists that the war in Ukraine is not war, but <x0) special military operation”, and has said its main goals are “denification and demilitarisation” of the neighbouring state.

Russian President Vladimir Putin has described Ukraine as an illegal state, created by Soviet authorities and is now headed by “neo-Nazi” and “dependent on drugs”, who receive orders from Washington.

All these issues are repeatedly mentioned in programs supporting Kremlin politics.

“They always lie”

“The entire television is filled with military brainwashing”, Yelena Rykovtseva, the Russian Radio Service Free Europe correspondent, who is focused on the media, said.

It has added that it is difficult to share justice within a Russian state television article, as “hysteria against Ukraine is at a peak of”.

Among the information that is distributed is the ones that were supposed to be in Marioupol, as Russian forces approach the neo-Nazis, they use local residents as shields; that Nazis are hitting refugees and that Russian soldiers are saving the children and helping the wounded.

These claims, offered without evidence, are incompatible with what Western officials and media say, which have had journalists engaged in Mariulopol and the city's own inhabitants, some of whom have faced Russian bombings despite humanitarian corridor agreements.

On March 29th, the TV programme, “Time will show” ) broadcast on Chanel One state television has displayed an Orthodox church that does not look damaged but is among the ruins.

The correspondent said this thing “gives hope that God is with us”.

The Kremlin's gear includes unfounded claims that Kiev has been ready to launch major military offensive against Russian-backed separatists in the Ukrainian region of Donbas and that the United States is determined to destroy Russia. Ukraine's obsession: How did it get to the invasion?

Ukrainian journalist Roman Tsymbaluk, who has worked for many years in Moscow as correspondent for the U news agency. NIAN, and has been a frequent guest in Russian state television shows, has told Radio Free Europe that he has learned “specifically how Russian propaganda works.

Russian “Medias are not Russian mass media, but intelligence troops that always lie”, he said.

From Television to Rutube

In the past, the Kremlin has seemed satisfied with its control over national broadcasters, allowing independent and liberal media to exist.

This model has also been successful in 2014, when Russia annexed the Ukrainian Crime Peninsula and started fighting in Donbas, helping separatists take control of the Donjeck and Luhansk provinces.

In this period, pollster in Moscow Maksim Kats has said that public support for Kremlin policies is much weaker.

As a result, he has suggested that the state has increased propaganda in state media, as well as increased pressure on independent media and free speech.

It looks like they think people don't support war, so they're implementing measures like military censorship”, Kats told Radio Free Europe.

“They are closing social networks that have been operating for years. They shut down Ekho Moskvy radio. They realize that if the information spreads freely, no one will support the fight”.

Lyubov Borusyak, sociologist, has agreed that in Russian society, the fight against Ukraine has not resulted in the <x0-powered emotional recovery that has been seen during the developments in the Crimea”.

In addition, she has said 75 percent of Russians use the internet, and some opposition reports collect tens of millions of clicks, which could potentially harm the state's control over war information.

When there is interest, the audience can become much greater than television target”, Borussyak said.

The percentage of regular television viewers has fallen steadily in recent years, especially among young people”.

As a result, the Kremlin has increased interest in controlling material on the Internet, as have those on television.

Russia's most famous social network is YouTube, which is used by three quarters of Internet users in Russia.

Calls for its impasse in this country have increased more and more, especially since YouTube blocked the world's 11 March media.

In February 2021, Putin had announced the Kremlin's strategy for foreign social media.

“We won't block anything until we have our platforms”, he said.

When our colleagues see that there's an alternative, when they realize they don't have monopoly on the market, we'll have a different approach”.

Opinion creators in the Kremlin have attempted, but without success, to promote RuTube, a clone of the YouTube platform, which was founded in 2006 and is owned by Gazprom.

There's everything Moscow wants the Russians to know.

According to the independent website, Rutube's popularity peaked in 2011 with 14.5 million users and then dropped to only 3 million in 2021.

By comparison, in 2021, 78.5 million Russians used YouTube.

Channel Z

Rutube page broadcasts material from all national television channels and short videos from nearby agencies with the Kremlin.

There are also channels of various Russian government agencies, including the Defence Ministry channel Zvezda and Foreign Ministry agencies, later Parliament and the Space Agency, Roscosmos.

On March 22, a new channel called Z TV reference to the symbol Z that Moscow has used to increase support for the war in Ukraine has introduced itself as “canal for the special military operation of the Russian Federation armed forces in Ukraine”.

In some of the earliest programs, there have been interviews with Russian soldiers who have talked about “100 percent effect of military operations, as well as images of Russian military technology during the action.

These estimates are contrary to statements by military experts, who repeatedly say the Russian offensive has not met its goals and has faced many losses -- both soldiers and equipment.

On March 28, the Russian television channel RT published a short clip showing Russian soldiers reading letters sent by their young children.

Dear soldier “reads an army member.

I'm writing thanks and thanks to my whole soul for falling asleep in peace, going to school and living under the quiet sky above my head. I hope you keep your will and you'll be able to fight for my land. I believe in you and pray for you. You can't imagine how me and the other people who live in Russia, we love you and we support you”

Another channel called RT Rossia has published an hour-long documentary by Anton Krasovsky, detailing in detail the Kremlin's groundless claims that the US Department of Defence is supporting biological weapons labs in Ukraine.

Russian Narrativa, which has spread on state television, has been condemned by Washington and many experts.

As the war in Ukraine entered the second month, the Russian public “has no reason not to believe what is being served to” by state media, Alexei Levinson, analyst for the independent agency, Levada, has said.

However, he has added that some feel that war is wrong.

There should be tools to overcome the voice of conscience”, he said.

And this thing is done over television and so far with a lot of success”. / REL