Can the world unite against the common enemy - global warming?

The talks, starting Sunday in Scotland, have always been tense, but the coronary pandemic, the economic crisis that has followed, and the last energy crisis is expected to put more pressure on the two-week summit.

Rich countries owe to the poor

The promise of rich countries to raise $100 billion annually for poor countries so that they can cope with climate change. The estimates for 2019 show that the funding was about 80 billion dollars.

A certain formula of how or how to contribute countries to total, does not.

But the Washington - based World Resources Institute has estimated that only a few rich countries, including: France, Japan, Norway, Germany, and Sweden have provided abundant sums. The United States, Australia, and Canada have been far away.

But the Washington - based World Resources Institute has estimated that only a few rich countries, including: France, Japan, Norway, Germany, and Sweden have provided abundant sums. The United States, Australia, and Canada have been far away.

One proposed solution this week is for payments to be estimated at $100 billion per year between 2021 and 2025, while shortages of previous years are compensated for by higher payments later.

Developing countries are expected to use talks in Scotland's Glasgou to ask for money for projects aimed at adapting to climate change. For now, most of the funding goes towards reducing emissions.

Poor countries also insist that it is time to clarify who will pay for the damage it has done to residents of extreme weather.

Our “people are suffering in different ways as a result of a crisis in which they contributed a little”, Sonam P said. Wangdi from Butani, who in the talks heads the group of less developed countries.

CO2 Trade

Some unfinished work by the Climate Summit in Paris in 2015 includes regulations on international carbon trading, seen as a key instrument for controlling market forces in the fight against global warming.

Negotiators have failed to finalise this part of the Paris regulation in Madrid, two years ago. They will make new efforts in Glasgou.

On the one hand, there will be countries that want stricter rules to avoid the flow of invalid carbon coupons into the market.

On the other side will be developing countries, insisting that certificates collected under previous agreements should be respected.

The rules are critical because for many countries and companies to reach zero emissions by the middle of the century, pollution will have to be balanced by an equal amount of carbon captured elsewhere, such as by forests or technology tools.

Establishing an international carbon market also presents an opportunity to raise money through transaction fees, but whoever manages it and how remains an unresolved issue.

Providing Transparency

Transparency is a key element of the negotiations, because the voluntary nature of the Paris Agreement means that countries see what progress others make before raising their goals for a scale as well.

Another debate focuses on the time frame for reporting new targets, reducing pollution.

Current agreements require that developed countries set new goals every five years, but some participants want to pass on annual promises, at least until the world is on track to meet the goals set with the Paris Agreement.

Methani

Metan, the main component of natural gas and byproducts in agriculture, has somehow been overlooked in past negotiations.

It is about 20 times more powerful than carbon dioxide, but stays in the air for just about a decade.

Reducing emissions, regulating leaks into gas pipelines and limiting fires in drilling sites would provide a slight but visible improvement.

The world cannot solve the climate problem without reducing methane, says Kelly Levin, chief of science, data and systems change at the Bezos Earth Foundation.

Voting for 45%

Voting to reduce emissions by 45% by 2030 ʹ compared with 2010 levels is not as much a negotiating point as it is a goal set by the UN, for talks to be considered successful.

So far, emissions are on the rise, not on the decline.

The half of emissions in the next decade are seen as a key step on the road to zero emissions in 2050, which scientists say is the only way to achieve the goal of the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius by the end of the century. / REL