1992: Tito State End, Kosovo Elections, Christmas Threat

In April 1992, the Republic of Ilirida” was declared in the city of Struga. But such a reality remained in theory alone, without reality. This was due to the fact that Albanian parties in Macedonia, as well as other political organisations, did not support it.

On 24 May 1992, pluralistic elections for president, Parliament and Government of the Republic of Kosovo are held in Kosovo. The president is named Ibrahim Rugova.

Albania in 1992 was in economic chaos. In the March elections, the Democratic Party wins the 62 per cent vote. Sali Berisha is named president of Albania Ramiz Alia resigns as Alexander Meksi becomes prime minister. In July, Albania's Communist Party is declared illegal, while Ramiz Alia and the wife of the late Enver Hoxha, Nedhmije Hoxha, are arrested in September. In 1992-1993 in Albania, the largest brain flows abroad occur.

Image from the first elections in Kosovo (foto: Ilaz Bylykbashi)

In 1992 international recognition becomes, as states, of four former republics of Is h - RSFJ (Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina), with a recommendation to review the minority issue. It was thought here of Kosovo Albanians, Serbs in Croatia and Albanians in Macedonia. But, in 1992, war continued in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Bijelina, p.g., massacres are committed, where nine Albanians are killed in March 1992. Surprisingly, in 1992, UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali published the so-called “Peace Agency “, a report written on the Security Council. Gali wrote “that the possibility of achieving the large objectives of the UN (UN)” has been seized. This included not only peacekeeping but also peacemaking or the use of force between warring parties, regardless of whether they agree. He also stressed promoting Human Rights and the highest standards of living. But wars never stopped.

The photographer Ron Haviv has been able to photograph Hajrush Ziber, shortly before he was killed by Serb paramilitaries in Bijeljina. Two Serbian paramilitary victims pour gasoline over his head. He was only 24-year-old when he was killed. He was a waiter in Bijelina.

In 1992, Tito's state ends. The Arbitrazhi Commission, in response to questions 4 and 8 involving the existence or failure of the state of the former Yugoslavia, suggests to Lord Carrington who chaired diplomatic talks a year ago for the breakup of Yugoslavia to the Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia. [AFP] RSPJ] no longer exists. On May 18, 1992, the chairman of the Arbitrazhi Commission had received a letter from Lord Carrington, asking for this opinion from the Commission: If the positive response is taken (a RSFJ break-up) on what grounds and in harmony with which mode should the problems of the heritage of the states which are presented among the various states emerging from RSFJ be solved? The arbitration commission, among other things, has replied: the process of RSFJ dissolution has been carried out by point 8 and it no longer exists, while the Federation Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) has no right to call itself the only RSFJ heir. Regarding the question of success, no. 9, point 4, points to the point: RSFJ's heir states (where Kosovo is not included), must agree and through agreements to resolve all issues related to heritage; that, during talks, come to objective solutions, by supporting the principles under which the 1978 Vienna Convention is based; and that of 1983, as well as the relevant rules of international customary law; that RSFJ's wealth, found in third countries, should be divided among the respective countries; equally, one should share all the requirements of RSF and debt between the countries, etc. In the opinion of the arbitrage Commission, Badinter's report has also been based on, which sets out the issue of the RSFJ scusing, which has wrongly ruled out Kosovo's participation in the process. At 1.b. The state is defined as a community that makes up the territory and population, belonging (in) to organised political power. The commission has not taken into account the case of the definition of new states, where the Constitution of 1974 was based as a base of support, including only republics as states and not Kosovo.

Slobodan Milosevic and Lord Carrington

Denying Kosovo's legal right, the situation becomes increasingly unbearable, for which departure was seen as a solution. According to the first results of the census of Albanians in the outside world, on March 1, 1992, 217 132 Kosovars were registered, mostly in Germany à 8248 (about 38 percent), in Switzerland 72 448 (33.4 percent), Sweden over 15,000 (5.7 percent), then less in Austria, Italy Norway, Denmark, France, England, and so on. But, as Serb violence towards Albanians overcame, so did the number of those who fled Kosovo. Just a year later, in 1993, the number of persecuted totals 368,000 Albanians. Again, the largest number of them will seek refuge in Germany -- 120 000, then Switzerland, 95 000, Sweden over 35,000, and so on. These figures showed that Serbs who formerly exercised ethnic cleansing and also encouraged and stimulated Serbs and other parts of the former Yugoslav federation to settle in Kosovo. Belgrade authorities had also issued over 390 discrimination laws for Kosovo Albanians, while after Operation “The” storm in Kosovo brings over 20 thousand Serbs from Croatia's Kraina.

The damage to Serbian power is seen in every aspect of Kosovo's life. Kosovo Albanians were excluded from leading and other important positions in the health system, as were other public services during the 1990s-1992. Albanians were deprived of health insurance, following new measures. A parallel welfare health system was run by the Association “Mother Teresa” to provide basic health services for those who could not use private medical services and those who did not own the social security card. This association has created 96 clinics in Kosovo, mainly in villages, which were inhabited in majority by Albanians. The workers of this society worked for free.

Image by protest by Pristina University professors and students. Following threats from the Serb forces that if they continue on, there will be shootings, Ademi Demache says: “in any order to kill me, kill me first of” (foto: Hazir Reka)

Serbia also fought free speech. In November 1992, Serbian authorities passed the Parliament law on the transformation and transfer of property to “Renaissance” in that of “Panorama”, which would be under strict control of government authorities. A year later, Albanian political Yavores “Zer <x8x5> (and writers from “Renaissance <x6x7>, among them poet Ali Podrima, remembered for the slogan: “Qeteria, here is dying of 11-day hunger strike, on the seventh floor of the Press Palace, against the postponement of Albanian media under the (violent) depressive measures of the Belgrade company <x10x9>

With Serbia's decision on September 27, 1990, the violent Serbian regime began implementing violent measures at the University People's Library in Kosovo. Police and the then violent Serbian directorate removed 99 librarians. Qualification and national employee structures were completely changed, and not 10 percent of non-Serb workers remained. In July 1991, six trucks weighing 12 300 pounds [12 300 kg] were released from the Library in full with books and newspapers. The next time, of January 28-31, 1992, seven truckloads of books were released, or exactly 3, 080 packages containing about 100,000 volumes, while on February 3, 1992, a truck also packed with books and newspapers.

Pristina in 1992

A good thing comes from this year's evidence: During the Albanian Popular Movement for Forgiveness of Plagues and Harms, between February 2nd 1990 and May 17th 1992, there have been $130 cases, 542 wounds and 1 180 confusions. The movement thus reached 2952 subscriptions. Meanwhile, the threat of the then American President George Bush Christmas is taking place in 1992. Bush administration's order was cut: If Serbia starts the war in Kosovo, America will intervene militarily. The order was clear to all sides. Albanians, then gathered in Ibrahim Rugova's peaceful movement, should not try to organise some armed resistance because in that case America would not get involved in war and would not help Albanians. According to analyst and publicist Blerim Shala: Bush-era “American was not directly involved in stopping the war in the former - R The SPJ, which then recognised Bosnia and Croatia as its fronts. But, if the war were distributed in Kosovo and Macedonia, the conviction in Washington prevailed that it would be impossible to avoid the evolution of America in international efforts for peace in the region. American officials, but even numerous analysts claimed that peace in Kosovo and Macedonia is a strategic American interest, primarily because in that case the situation could dramatically deteriorate in this part of the Balkans, where even the vicious rivalry between Turkey and Greece (both member states of the Pact) NATO and US allies would gain new treatment. The Christmas threat was inexplicable in another way: He warned Washington's uniform action, not through the UN Security Council, the NATO Pact, etc. The other visible elements of the American evolution around Kosovo are the opening of the US Office in June 1996, the Foreign Wall of Sanctions in the Dayton Agreement (1995), the appointment of ambassadors Robert Gelbard, Richard Holbrooke and Christopher Hill as mediator in the war years, the Rambouillet Conference, the pact's campaign NATO in spring 1999, etc. The invisible and not very well-known part of the opinion has to do with the American role in the creation of inner Albanian homogenity in 1998 and 1999. All three ambassadors mentioned (Gelbard, Holbrooke and Hill, particularly this one) have had a huge share in the creation of joint negotiating groups of Albanians, in overcoming disputes and non-compliance between our top politicians, in drafting the strategic orientation of the Albanian movement, in decisionmaking at the most dramatic moments of the war. If it were not for American diplomats, Albanian leaders would never become together, they would never create a delegation for the Rambouillet Conference, and they would never understand the importance of accepting Rambouille's bid”.

George Bush

According to some tests, unless it were Bosnia's experience and the feeling of shame among many Western diplomats and military men who have allowed Serb forces to do whatever they want in Bosnia, it would hardly be such a persistent move by the US, European allies and Pact NATO in 1999, on the occasion of shelling Serbian police and military forces. President Bill Clinton, who won the election, played in 1992. When he defeated George Bush, he was so young that Bush could be his father. In fact, Clinton was the first American president elected to be born after World War II ended. He was the first president to admit that he had used marijuana, which played the saxophone, and had sexual ties at the White House. It was the first American president to visit Vietnam, 25 years after the war ended, and ordered the US Army to attack Serb targets in Bosnia and Kosovo. If we don't act, that means that we give Slobodan Milosevic the license to murder”, it was crucial Clinton, on March 19, 1999. When Clinton left the White House, he replaced one of the most successful American presidents in the 20th century.

Bill Clinton

According to some 1992 data, the mafia was the largest Italian business. The mafia has won one of every eight Italian lira and 12 percent of the national product. And this year's research showed that almost 40 percent of the Euro-Western population opposed the creation of common currency, or euro. The biggest opponents of the common currency were the Danish, Finnish, Swedish, and English. Even in Germany there was great opposition, given the brand role in creating German national identity

In December 1992, a bomb is dropped at a Yemeni hotel that was targeted by American soldiers on their way to the Somalia service. It was the first terrorist attack by the al-Qaeda group led by Osama bin Laden. In 1992, however, the first Nagorno-Karabutt war begins between Armenia and Azerbaijan, while the country indus Tamil Nadu acknowledges the existence of the monstrous habit of killing newborn girls.

In 1992, they die: renowned scientist, digital technology pioneer Grace Hopper: comedian Benny Hill; actress Marlene Dietrich; composer John Cage; and former German cascellari, Willy Brandt

The year 1992 is also marked by an event: the crossing of the feet of actress Sharon Stone in “Basic Instict”, which left the male gender unwary and breathless. /Telegraph