The Institute of Public Health gives details about the presence of the <x0-Nili” virus in Kosovo

The National Institute of Public Health through a communiqué provides data on the presence of the Western Nile virus in Kosovo.

According to the IKSHP in the National Institute's labs, the presence of the Western Nile virus in the patient lying at the QKUK Infectious Clinic has been detected.

“IKSHPK is investigating the sources of this infection and the situation is under control. Currently, there is no place for panic”, says an IKSHP notice.

The Epidemiology Department teams from early July to the central and periphery level are in a position to identify and report any individual cases of the disease.

National Institute labs are willing to accept samples and diagnose cases of disease.

The Western Nile virus is transmitted through the stinging of the infected mosquito, not by man to man, but must be followed by the epizotological situation in animals with particular axis to horses and should see the possibility of active research of cases during the summer and autumn.

So far 17 people have died as a result of the Western Nile virus throughout Europe within a week and in Kosovo an elderly chronically ill person who has burdened the state of the Western Nile virus.

The citizens are required to take care of the observed number of mosquitoes these days. From municipal departments, they are required to make a debut in their municipalities according to WHO recommendations”, a media report said.

According to the IKSHP report, although in about 80 per cent of the cases, infected patients show no symptoms, Western Nile virus” can cause fatal outcome in people.

The virus is transmitted to humans primarily through mosquito bites that are infected.

West Nile virus

The Main Facts

• Western Nile virus can cause fatal neurological disease in humans
• Although, approximately 80% of people who are infected show no symptoms.
• Western Nile virus is transmitted to people mainly through mosquito bites
• The virus can cause serious disease and death in horses.
• Horses use vaccines are available for use but not yet available to humans.
• Birds are natural carriers of the Western Nile virus.

VNP can cause neurologic disease and death in humans.

The VNP is usually found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, North America, and Western Asia. The VNP is stored in the wild through the cycle, which included transmission between birds and mosquitoes. Humans, horses, and other mammals can become infected.

Since its 1999 appearance in the United States, the virus has spread throughout Canada and Venezuela.

Spread

Human infection is largely the result of bite by infected mosquitoes.

Mosquitoes are infected with the blood of infected birds that circulate the virus into their blood for several days.

The virus eventually enters mosquito saliva glands. During later blood consumption (when mosquitoes sting), the virus can be injected into humans and animals, from which it multiplies and can cause disease.

The virus can also be carried through contact with other infected animals, from blood or other tissues.

A very small percentage of human infections have been presented through organ transplantation, blood transfusion, and breast milk. It's only registered one case of the birth of a mother-in-law NP virus to a child via translacation.

To date, there is no record of human transport cases in one of the VNPs through regular contact, as well as no reported cases of carrying the virus of health workers when standard preliminary measures of infection control have been imposed.

Cases of transmission have been reported to workers in the lab.

Signs and Symptoms

VNP infection can be non-simtomatic (without symptoms) to about 80% of infected people, or it can lead to fever in the Western Nile or to serious diseases in the Western Nile.

West Nile fever develops to about 20% of the people infected with the VNP. Symptoms include headaches, fatigue, and body pain - mixed, vomited, and occasional rashes of skin and swelling of lymphatic glands.

Symptoms of serious diseases (also called neuro-invasive diseases, such as the West Nile encephalitis or the Western Nile Poliomilyel) include headaches, temperatures, neck pressure, shocks, depression, coma, trembling, concessions, muscle weakness, and paralysis. It is estimated that about 1 in 150 people infected with the VNP will develop a more serious form of the disease. Serious disease may appear in people of any age, but people over 50 years of age and people with dim immunity (e.g. transplant patients are at great risk of being seriously ill after being infected with the VNP.

Incubation period of 3 to 14 days.

Diagnosis

The VNP can be diagnosed by a number of different tests.

• IgG antibodies (or significant increase in the t like of antibodies) in two successive samples collected at an interval of one week. LISA
• IgM antibody attraction with E LISA
• neutralization tests
• Viral content through RT- PCR
• Isolation of the virus to cellular cultures.

IgM can also be detected in the brainoshopinal fluid and samples from the infected patient or the patient with clinical signs. IgM antibody can last more than a year.

Ventors and Bearers

The VN virus in nature is in the Mosquito Amplification Circle. The species Culex of mosquitoes is considered the main host of VNP diseases, especially the Cx. Pipience. The VNP is held in mosquito communities with vertical transmission (grows in eggs).

The birds are reserved for VNP carriers. In Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia, Britain in birds related to the VNP is rare. The members of the raven family (corvidae) are especially vulnerable, but the virus has also been found in some 250 different species of dead birds. Birds can be infected across many roads besides mosquito bites, and different species may have different rates of transmission.

Horses, like humans, are the last shelters, d.m. th that when they get infected, they don't spread the disease. Symptomic infections in horses are also rare and light, but they can cause neurologic diseases, including fatal encephalomiel.

Prevention

As the outbreaks of VNP epidemics occur before human cases, the construction of an active health supervision of animals for finding new cases is essential in ensuring early warning to human health authorities and health services.

Reduce the risk of human infection

In the absence of a vaccine, the only way to reduce human infection is through awareness and education of measures they can take to reduce the risk of exposure to the virus.

Educational order must focus on the following:

• Reduce the risk of carrying through mosquitoes.
• An engagement to prevent the transmission should first focus on personal protection and community bites on mosquitoes with the use of nets, repelents, long sleeve light clothes, and avoiding external activities in bite time.
• Reduce the risk of human animal transmission. Handouts and other tools should be used in treating sick animals or their tissues as well as in slaughtering.
• Reduced transmission risk through blood transfusion and organ transplant. Limitations and laboratory tests during organ and blood donation should be considered during the outbreak of the epidemic in areas affected after considering the local/regional epidemiological situation.

Sector Control

Effective prevention of human infections depends on developing comprehensive and integrated surveillance of mosquitoes and control programs in areas where the virus appears.

Prevention of Health Services Influencing

Health workers who care for suspected or confirmed patients with VNP infections, or working with samples of them, must implement standard prevention measures for infection control. Targets taken by men or animals suspected of VNP infection must be manipulated by trained staff and fully equipped labs.